Giải bài 1 trang 38 sách bài tập toán 11 - Chân trời sáng tạo tập 2

Đề bài

Cho hàm số $y = \sqrt[3]{x}$. Chứng minh rằng $y'\left( x \right) = \frac{1}{{3\sqrt[3]{{{x^2}}}}}\left( {x \ne 0} \right)$.

Lời giải chi tiết

Với bất kì ${x_0} \ne 0$ ta có: $y'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{y\left( x \right) - y\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\sqrt[3]{x} - \sqrt[3]{{{x_0}}}}}{{x - {x_0}}}$

$= \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\left( {\sqrt[3]{x} - \sqrt[3]{{{x_0}}}} \right)\left[ {{{\left( {\sqrt[3]{x}} \right)}^2} + \sqrt[3]{x}\sqrt[3]{{{x_0}}} + {{\left( {\sqrt[3]{{{x_0}}}} \right)}^2}} \right]}}{{\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)\left[ {{{\left( {\sqrt[3]{x}} \right)}^2} + \sqrt[3]{x}\sqrt[3]{{{x_0}}} + {{\left( {\sqrt[3]{{{x_0}}}} \right)}^2}} \right]}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)}}{{\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)\left[ {{{\left( {\sqrt[3]{x}} \right)}^2} + \sqrt[3]{x}\sqrt[3]{{{x_0}}} + {{\left( {\sqrt[3]{{{x_0}}}} \right)}^2}} \right]}}$

$= \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{1}{{{{\left( {\sqrt[3]{x}} \right)}^2} + \sqrt[3]{x}\sqrt[3]{{{x_0}}} + {{\left( {\sqrt[3]{{{x_0}}}} \right)}^2}}} = \frac{1}{{{{\left( {\sqrt[3]{{{x_0}}}} \right)}^2} + {{\left( {\sqrt[3]{{{x_0}}}} \right)}^2} + {{\left( {\sqrt[3]{{{x_0}}}} \right)}^2}}} = \frac{1}{{3\sqrt[3]{{x_0^2}}}}$

Vậy $y'\left( x \right) = \frac{1}{{3\sqrt[3]{{{x^2}}}}}\left( {x \ne 0} \right)$