Bài 4 trang 79 SGK Toán 11 tập 1 - Chân trời sáng tạo

Đề bài

Tìm các giới hạn sau:

a) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - {1^ + }} \frac{1}{{x + 1}}\);              

b) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } \left( {1 - {x^2}} \right)\);

c) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {3^ - }} \frac{x}{{3 - x}}\).

Lời giải chi tiết

a) Áp dụng giới hạn một bên thường dùng, 

Ta có : \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}1 > 0\\x - \left( { - 1} \right) > 0,x \to  - {1^ + }\end{array} \right. \Rightarrow \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - {1^ + }} \frac{1}{{x + 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - {1^ + }} \frac{1}{{x - \left( { - 1} \right)}} =  + \infty \)

b) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } \left( {1 - {x^2}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } {x^2}\left( {\frac{1}{{{x^2}}} - 1} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } {x^2}.\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } \left( {\frac{1}{{{x^2}}} - 1} \right)\)

Ta có: \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } {x^2} =  + \infty ;\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } \left( {\frac{1}{{{x^2}}} - 1} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } \frac{1}{{{x^2}}} - \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } 1 = 0 - 1 =  - 1\)

\( \Rightarrow \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to  - \infty } \left( {1 - {x^2}} \right) =  - \infty \)

c) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {3^ - }} \frac{x}{{3 - x}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {3^ - }} \frac{{ - x}}{{x - 3}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {3^ - }} \left( { - x} \right).\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {3^ - }} \frac{1}{{x - 3}}\)

Ta có: \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {3^ - }} \left( { - x} \right) =  - \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {3^ - }} x =  - 3;\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {3^ - }} \frac{1}{{x - 3}} =  - \infty \)

\( \Rightarrow \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {3^ - }} \frac{x}{{3 - x}} =  + \infty \)